In memoriam to our dear friend and mentor, Dr. M. Teresa Anguera Argilaga. Systematic observation is a crucial tool for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4): Quality Education. By providing objective information about human behavior in natural contexts, it enables the identification of areas for improvement in any teaching-learning process. This symposium presents five oral presentations that demonstrate the potential and versatility of observational methodology in achieving the targets of SDG 4.
The first presentation focuses on target 4.1, which is related to the achievement of relevant and effective learning outcomes for all students. Emotional regulation is essential for this, so this work analyzes how classroom actors participate in interactions that promote or hinder students’ emotional self-regulation. The second presentation aligns with target 4.2 (access to early childhood care and development services). It analyzes the cognitive development of premature infants attending early intervention programs. The third presentation is linked to targets 4.3 and 4.4, referring, respectively, to quality higher education and the acquisition of skills necessary for employment, by analyzing the acquisition of observational skills in future teachers. The fourth presentation is connected to target 4.5 by explicitly mentioning attention to people with disabilities. It presents the design of an observation tool adapted to the communicative and cognitive needs of people with intellectual disabilities. The fifth presentation is related to target 4.7, as it highlights the value of cultural diversity and the promotion of a culture of peace. Specifically, it focuses on Physical Education classes as a stimulating environment for interactive relationships between native and foreign students that can foster inclusive social processes.